Medical Study & Evidence

A medical study is currently being formulated. to indicate the efficacy of the Bladder RE-EXPANSION Technique® for patients who suffer from OAB. Once funding has been applied for and received we will be seeking approximately 90 total study participants.

Nearly 90 independent medical studies with both human and rat participants have been published which all corroborate the increasingly undeniable bowel/bladder connection. A partial cross sampling of these studies are listed out below.

Supportive Evidence:

1) Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Bladder and
Bowel Function
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23409689

2) QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY ON ASSOCIATION SURVEY ON ASSOCIATION OF
IRRIRABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH OVERACTIVE BLADDER
http://www.ics.org/Abstracts/Publish/106/000373.pdf

3) Chronic Pelvic Pain and the Overlap of Chronic Pelvic Pain
Disorders
http://pezzonegastroenterology.com/uploads/IFFGD_315_chronic_pelvic_pain.pdf

4) Interstitial Cystitis and Related Pain Syndromes: Overlap of Bladder and Bowel
Dysfunction
https://ibs.med.ucla.edu/PDFs/ICandIBS.pdf

5) The Central Nervous System and its Role in Bowel
and Bladder Control
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21240642

6) Systematic review of the relationship between bladder
and bowel function: implications for patient
management
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijcp.12028/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false

7) Relationship between overactive bladder and irritable bowel syndrome: a large-scale internet survey in Japan using the overactive bladder symptom score and Rome III criteria
http://www.bjuinternational.com/article-of-the-week/article-of-the-week-bladder-and-bowel-the-link-between-oab-and-ibs/” title=”Sample study #7″ target=”_blank”>http://www.bjuinternational.com/article-of-the-week/article-of-the-week-bladder-and-bowel-the-link-between-oab-and-ibs/” title=”Sample study #6″ target=”_blank”>http://www.bjuinternational.com/article-of-the-week/article-of-the-week-bladder-and-bowel-the-link-between-oab-and-ibs/

8) Cystitis increases colorectal afferent sensitivity in the mouse
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779012

9) Sensitization of pelvic nerve afferents and mast cell infiltration in the urinary bladder following chronic colonic irritation is mediated by neuropeptides.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16926445

10)Changes in urinary bladder smooth muscle function in response to colonic inflammation
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17715261

11) Colonic irritation in the rat sensitizes urinary bladder afferents to mechanical
and chemical stimuli: an afferent origin of pelvic organ cross-sensitization
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16403832

12) Acute colonic inflammation triggers detrusor instability via activation
of TRPV1 receptors in a rat model of pelvic organ cross-sensitization
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474425

13) Organ cross talk modulates pelvic pain
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626130

14) Cross-organ interactions between reproductive, gastrointestinal, and urinary
tracts: modulation by estrous stage and involvement of the hypogastric nerve
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946082

15) GABAB receptors in the bladder and bowel: Therapeutic potential for positive allosteric modulators?http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24641323

Aside from the obvious direct anatomical physical proximity of the bowels to the urinary bladder itself, these 14 studies collectively demonstrate the bladder/bowel connection that extends from the infinitesimal molecular level all the way up to the much grosser physical muscular level.  

In total a minimum of 8 different important bladder/bowel connections have been identified to date:

1) Neurological connection via the central nervous system’s dorsal root ganglia neurons and the peripheral nervous systems bladder afferent C-fibers) and TRPV1 Receptors.

2) Sensitivity connection via confirmation by urodynamics testing and hypotonic stretching.

3) Cellular connection via evidence by increased numbers of bladder immune mast cells.

4) Chemical connection via chemical mediators.

5) Cross Organ connection via acute inflammation and irritation.

6) Muscularly via smooth muscle function.

7) Receptor connection via GABAB receptors

8) Molecular  connection via neuropeptides